Heating method and means



Dec. 30, 1941. H. GEORGEv HEATING METHOD AND MEANS Filed Dec. 22, 1 ,958

lNvr-:N'roR ATTORNEYS HENR/ Geo/EGE BY l m@ Patented Dec. 30, 1941 HEATING METHODAND MEANS `Henri George, Paris, France Application December 22 In France Dec 9 'Y Claims.

Thisinvention relates to a heating method-and to means for carrying out this method,and refers more `particularly to furnaces or boilers wherein the `heat is produced by the names of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible materials.

In devices of this type, vthe heat is `usually transmitted in two diiferent ways, namely, by

"heat radiation of the flames and refractory walls upon the objects to be heated, and also by actual contact of the objects to be heated with hot gases.` In boilers, for instance, the amount of heat transmitted by actual contact is `often more than the double of that transmitted by radiation.

Practical experiments have shown that in many instances it is most advantageous to increase the proportion of the heat transmitted by `radiation in relation to that which is transmitted by contact. Thcn the amount o-f gases circulating through the 'boiler is reduced to a considerable extent, the heat losses in the exhaust are diminished, and it is possible to reduce the size of the boilers, particularly the cross-sectional areas of the chimneys and iiues, without `diminishing the output. These advantages are particularly important for marine boilers, wherein an economy in the combustible material and a diminution in the size of the chafery or stokehole are of vital importance.

It is possible to `increase the amount of radiated heat by increasing the temperatureof the heat radiating surfaces of the boiler. It was found, however, that the refractory materials of the boiler are affected by the flames in direct proportion to an increase in temperature and in 'the alkaline substances carried `by the combustiongases. The action of these gases upon the radiating surface is an irregular one, and the greater this irregularity, the sooner it results in the nal destruction of or injury to that surface.

An object of thepresent invention is the provision of a boiler wherein the heat radiating surface is utilized to a much greater extent than was possible heretofore.

Another object is the provision of a boiler wherein the action of alkaline substances upon `theradiating surface is made more regular, with the result that the durability of this surface is increased, and the exploitation of refractory materials is made much more regular.

A further object is to `improve combustion in a boiler in order to make the heating more regular, eife'ct a saving in combustible gases and the wcarbureting air,and diminishfexhaust 4gasesand .fumes which diminishfth'e radiation'of heat.

1938, `Serial No. '247,247 einher-22, 1937 Aof the `heat radiating body number of nozzles the `fiames'll upon the 'concave surface :of the Other objects will be apparent rin the `course'cf the following specification.

The objects of the present invention vmay be realized through the provision of a boiler having a flame-contacting surface which is made movable, so that the names affect uniformly all the portions of the movable surfaceand are flattened by the movement of the surface, with the result that there is a stirring of the flames.

In accordance witha preferred'embodimentof the present invention, the heat radiating surface constituting a part of the boiler lining is caused to rotate about a perpendicular axis, the speed of rotation being regulated in such manner as `to assure the stirring of the names and' to make their action upon all sections of the movable'surface'a uniform one. The heatradiating 'surface is preferably concave, the axis ofthe concave surface coinciding with the axis of rotation.

The invention will appear more `clearly `from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, showing by way of example a preferred embodiment of the inventiveidea.

In the drawing:

Figure l is a vertical section through a boiler `constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and

Figure '2 is a section along the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

The boiler shown in the drawing comprises a refractory concave section 3, carried by a cup- `shaped support@ which is firmly mounted upon a vertical shaft 5.

A sleeve 6, provided with inner chambers I lfor the circulation `of a cooling medium, encloses a part of the shaft 5 and is mounted upon the refractory floor 8 of the boiler. The shaft 5 is rotated by means of a motor 9, and the lrotation ofthe shaft 5 is transmitted to the support 4 The support `4 contains a number of tubes IIJ through which a cooling medium, for example water, is circulated, which are connected with each other and `with a pump in any suitable manner not shown in the drawing. However any other suitable means may be used for cooling the supportr 4.

The heat radiating body 3 is separated from the support 4 by a layer I I consisting of a heatinsulating material.

The vertical walls `l2 of-the boiler1 `are provided `with supports I3 carrying any .suitable or 'burners I4 which project heat radiating body 3. Air, which is introduced into the chamber I6 through a tube I1, is supplied to the flames I5.

The heat radiating rotating body 3 is caused to radiate its heat to that part of the boiler which is situated above the walls I2 and which consists of pipes I9 as well as pipes 20.

The water pipes I9 and 20 are arranged in several groups. The pipes I9 are disposed along the Walls I8 and are arranged sufficiently close to each other to prevent damage to these walls by the heat.

The described boiler operates primarily by radiation heat and affects a considerable saving of space and material.

In this boiler it is possible to increase the temperature to such an extent that a fusion of the outer surface of the heat radiating body 3 which is in contact with the flames, may commence, due to the fact that the heat radiating body 3 is rotated upon the vertical shaft 5. In that case, the concavity of the upper surface of the body 3 is determined by the manner in which the softened layers of the substances subjected to fusion, are maintained in equilibrium by the combined action of the gravitational forces and of the centrifugal forces acting upon these layers and determined by the speed of rotation of the shaft 5.

Due to the fact that the layers of the body 3 are used up more uniformly, it is possible to replace the fused or evaporated materials by pouring` suitable granular substances upon the rotating body 3 in the course of the heating process. Then these granules will conglomerate with the'molten and softened layers of the body 3, while the surface of the body 3 which is exposed to the flames retains its concave form. These additional materials which form the facing of the concave body and which are applied to the fused layers, may consist of some refractory substances or vitriable substances, which are molten by the heat to a greater or lesser extent, with the result that these added substances act as a glaze for the heat transmitting surface. The granules 2l are transported from a container 22 by an endless screw 23 situated in a pipe 24 and drop through openings 25. The container 22 and the pipe 24 are carried by a rolling support 26.

It is possible, however, to carry outa reverse process, namely, instead of adding substances to the rotating body 3, it is possible to remove therefrom layers or bodies which may diminish the radiation of heat, such as the scoria or dross deposited upon the body 3 by the flames and the waste products of combustion. In order to achieve this result, it is necessary to increase the speed of rotation of the body 3 until all the undesirable substances` or residues are removed.

It is apparent that the specific illustration shown above has been given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation, and that the structure above described is subject to wide variation and modification without departing from the scope or intent of the invention, all of which variations and modifications are to be included within the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. Heating means, comprising a refractory body having a concave surface, a support carrying said body, means connected with said support for rotating the body about the vertical axis of said concave surface, at least one burner directing all its flames to strike said concave surface, whereby the rotation of said surface causes said flames to spread over -said surface and stirs said flames, and means situated in the path of radiation emanating from said surface and heated by said radiation.

A2. Heating means, comprising a refractory body having a concave surface, a support carrying said body, a layer of heat resisting material interposed between said body and said support, means connected with said support for rotating the body about the vertical axis of said concave surface, at least one burner directing all its flames to strike -said concave surface, whereby the rotation of said surface causes said flames to spread over said surface and stirs said flames, means situated in the path of radiation emanating from said surface and heated by said radiation.

3. Heating means, comprising a refractory body having a concave surface, a support carrying said body, means connected with said support for rotating the same about the vertical axis of said concave surface, at least one burner directing flames to said concave surface, and fluidcarrying tubes heated by radiation emanating from said surface.

4. The heating method which comprises maintaining a fusible concave surface in contact with flames While rotating said surface about its axis to heat said surface to a temperature at which fusion of said surface takes place, the concavity of said -surface being such as to cause the resultant force composed of the gravitational force of each particle and the centrifugal force acting upon said particle to extend perpendicularly to the surface, the speed of rotation of said surface being sufficient to cause said flames to spread over the entire surface and to stir said flames, and then temporarily increasing said speed to eject solid particles resulting from the combustion of the flames from said surface by the centrifugal forces.

5. The heating method which comprises maintaining a fusible concave surface in contact with llames while rotating said surface about its axis to heat said surface to a temperature at which fusion of said surface takes place, the concavity of said surface being such as to cause the resultant force composed of the gravitational force of each particle and the centrifugal force acting upon said particle to extend perpendicularly to the surface, the speed of rotation of said surface being sufficient to cause said flames to spread over the entire surface and to stir said flames, and gradually and slowly supplying granulated substances to the concave surface while spreading said granulated substances over the entire surface while the surface is being heated by the flames, whereby the heating is not interrupted by the addition of said granulated substances.

6. The heating method which comprises maintaining a fusible concave surface in contact with flames while rotating said surface about its axis to heat said surface to a temperature at which fusion of said surface takes place, the concavity of said surface being such as to cause the resultant force composed of the gravitational force of each particle and the centrifugal force acting upon said particle to extend perpendicularly to the surface,;the speed of rotation of said surface being suflicient to cause said flames to spread over the entire surface and to stir said flames, and gradually and slowly supplying vitriable granulated substances to the concavesurface to causes said ames to spread over said surface and rotating the Same about Said aXiS, and means coat the entire surface with said vitriable subtating the same about said axis of symmetry, and stanceswhile the surface is being heated by the means supplying flames to said surface and causflames, whereby the heating is not interrupted by ing all of said flames to strike said surface dithe addition of said vitriable substances. rectly, whereby the rotation of said surface 7. Heating means, comprising a heat radiating 5 causes said names to spread over said surface and body including a concave surface having a verstirs said names to complete combustion.

tical axis, means connected with said body for 9. Heating means, comprising a body having a rotating the same about said axis, and means fusible heat radiating concave surface having an causing flames to engage said surface for heating axis of symmetry which intersects the surface at the body, whereby the rotation of said surface 10 its center, means connected with said body for stirs said ames and whereby heat rays are gensupplying ames to said surface and causing all erated and directed upwardly by said surfaces to of said flames to strike it directly to fuse the surheat fixed objects situated in the path of the heat face and cause it to radiate heat, whereby the rays. 15 rotation of said surface causes said ames to 8. Heating means, comprising a body having a spread over said surface and stirs said flames to heat radiating concave surface having an axis complete combustion. of symmetry which intersects the surface at its HENRI GEORGE. center, means connected with said body for ro- 

